Few whites are able to say honestly that being White is an identity that brings them a sense of pride. Although some may feel that being White means being powerful, lucky, comfortable, and secure, it also can mean confusion, entrapment, and threatened self-esteem, hardly attributes that would promote helpfulness to people-of-color . . .”

Elaine Pinderhughes, Understanding Race, Ethnicity, and Power: The Key to Efficacy in Clinical Practice (New York: The Free Press, 1989).